![]() In China, flash floods are characterized by widespread distribution, large quantities, high burstiness, and destructiveness attributed to complex geographic and geomorphic conditions and various climate types. As a result, flash flood has become a major natural hazard all over the world (Han et al. ![]() With changes in the global climate, the frequency of extreme precipitation and flash flood disasters is increasing. The research achievements will serve as a guidance for flash flood monitoring and warning as well as flood warning in medium and small rivers. The proposed methodology for the third stage could support flash flood prevention measures in the 13th 5-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (2016–2020). In this manner, flash-flood-related factors such as rainfall intensity and antecedent and cumulative rainfall depths can be determined using the CWI method. A compound warning index (CWI) can be applied to regions where rainfall and water level are measured by simple equipment. Through this, soil moisture, peak flow, and water level can be calculated in real-time using distributed hydrological models, and then flash flood warning indexes can be computed based on defined thresholds of runoff and water level. Real-time dynamic warning systems can be applied to the early-warning platform at four levels (central level, provincial level, municipal level, and county level). ![]() Based on the worldwide experience of flash flood early-warning systems, the general research idea of the third stage is proposed from the viewpoint of requirements for flash flood prevention and construction progress of the next stage in China. Herein, the warning methods and achievements in the first two stages are introduced in detail. China’s flash flood prevention system involves three stages. The latest development in flash flood prevention is also presented. This paper summarizes the main flash flood early-warning systems of America, Europe, Japan, and Taiwan China and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
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